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Correspondent

23 August 2024 at 4:29:04 pm

Merit Imperilled

From NEET paper leaks to the CBSE’s digital fiasco, India’s examination system appears to be confronting a major crisis of competence and credibility. For generations of our countrymen, examinations have been the principal mechanism through which talent, discipline and hard work could overcome social circumstance. In a country where millions compete for limited opportunities, examinations serve as the foundation of meritocracy. When that foundation begins to crack, the consequences extend far...

Merit Imperilled

From NEET paper leaks to the CBSE’s digital fiasco, India’s examination system appears to be confronting a major crisis of competence and credibility. For generations of our countrymen, examinations have been the principal mechanism through which talent, discipline and hard work could overcome social circumstance. In a country where millions compete for limited opportunities, examinations serve as the foundation of meritocracy. When that foundation begins to crack, the consequences extend far beyond classrooms. The latest turmoil within the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is yet another warning signal in a broader governance crisis engulfing India’s examination ecosystem. The transfer of the CBSE chairman and secretary, alongside the Centre’s decision to establish an inquiry into the procurement of services for the board’s on-screen marking system, comes amid mounting concerns about transparency, accountability and technological competence. The fiasco started when students seeking scanned copies of answer sheets reportedly received papers that did not belong to them. Cases of answer-sheet mismatches emerged and allegations surfaced regarding evaluation errors and grade misallocation. Just days before, India witnessed one of its most significant exam crises in form of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) paper leak scandal. What links the NEET scandal and the CBSE controversy is not merely administrative incompetence but the growing perception that institutions entrusted with safeguarding merit are struggling to safeguard themselves. India’s examination architecture has become extraordinarily complex. Every year, boards, universities and recruitment agencies process candidates through increasingly digitised systems. Yet, it is seen that technological adoption has often raced ahead of institutional preparedness. Digital platforms are introduced before adequate safeguards are established. As more work is outsourced, accountability becomes harder to fix and procurement decisions grows less transparent. The result is a dangerous erosion of trust. Examination systems depend not merely on procedural fairness but on public confidence in that fairness. Students must believe that answer sheets are secure. Parents must believe that marks reflect genuine performance rather than administrative error. The social costs of these failures are immense. Behind every examination controversy stand millions of young students who have invested years of effort and emotional energy into a competitive process. India’s demographic future depends heavily upon its ability to reward merit fairly and consistently. That demands rigorous technological audits, transparent procurement processes and clearly defined accountability mechanisms for vendors and administrators alike. Most importantly, policymakers must recognise that examination governance is not a peripheral administrative function but a core pillar of social mobility and state legitimacy. The danger facing India today is that repeated failures across institutions are normalising distrust. A nation that aspires to become a knowledge superpower cannot afford an examination system whose credibility is perpetually under question. When students lose faith in the fairness of examinations, the idea of merit itself begins to lose meaning. No governance failure could be more consequential.

Caste-based Census Sparks Nationwide Debate

Updated: Oct 22, 2024

Caste-based Census

Caste-based identities continue to dominate rural India, directly or indirectly shaping electoral outcomes. Many major elections are influenced by specific caste groups. After the Bihar government released the first phase of its caste-based socio-economic survey, the caste census became a hot topic. The results, backed by evidence, showed improvements in the living standards and social status of marginalised communities, both in cities and villages. With parties like the JDU and NCP backing a caste census, there is growing momentum for the government to conduct one. However, every story has two sides—joy and sorrow. Even Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, raised concerns about the caste census.

Rahul Gandhi accused the BJP of being “anti-Bahujan.” The clear meaning is that his father and forefather refused to execute a caste-based census, which might have far-reaching effects and even permanently fracture India’s social fabric. This may be negative for caste-based beneficiaries. The last caste census in India was conducted in 1931 by the British government. Those times were different from the present scenario. The data was made public and became the basis for the Mandal Commission Reports and reservation policies for Other Backward Classes. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) has clarified that the caste-based population count data will not be used for core politics. But the agenda for politics is always twisted and expanded.

The Central Government also joined the legal debate by filing an affidavit with the Supreme Court, leaving the matter unresolved. India’s partition, rooted in the divide-and-rule strategy, is frequently cited as a cautionary tale. Including caste in official census data could further deepen social divides. This issue has become a political pressure point, with various states pushing the Centre for action. Although the Constitution uses the term “class” instead of “caste,” the Supreme Court has consistently ruled that caste is a relevant, and at times, sole or dominant criterion for defining a backward class.

After the release of caste-based census data in Bihar, discussions around conducting similar censuses have gained momentum in states like Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. Karnataka, which has already conducted its own caste census, may release its data soon as well.

Notably, all these states are governed by anti-BJP parties. Congress leader Rahul Gandhi also announced that Congress-ruled states have committed to carrying out caste censuses. Meanwhile, the BJP has remained silent on the matter, creating a significant roadblock.

Caste-based censuses focus on proportional representation in areas like jobs and education, with the argument that this will aid in targeted planning for the disadvantaged. However, the situation remains unclear, much like a foggy winter morning. The BJP’s stance on caste-based censuses and reservations seems different, as they fear the caste-based calculations could fragment their traditional Hindu voter base—an underlying concern for the party.

Professor Sanjay Kumar from The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, says, “Let alone the BJP; no party can openly oppose it; it is not free from danger. BJP gets a large number of votes from the OBC community, their population across the country would be around 52%. Another downside is that the caste-based censuses could disrupt the balance of socio-economic zones. Data theft is a common issue in government systems, and people may feel disconnected from their actual rights.

The moot question is that if the financial status of an ST/SC/OBC or Dalit citizen moves up by a few notches, will his social status change automatically? The lifestyle of any class will only change when the income of a particular class is changed. The actual source of income is employment. The reality is that only metro cities have enough place and space for workers. Aside from the GIDC and IT sectors, less than 30% of industries have their own designated vacancy periods. After a decade, the Jamnagar and Rajkot Corporations have opened their doors to newcomers alongside experienced staff. However, age and caste bias often operate behind the scenes. It’s important to recognise that poverty is also widespread among many upper-caste individuals, and their needs cannot be overlooked. In the overall interests of the nation, terms like SC/ST/OBC, Dalits, etc. must be deleted from the nation’s vocabulary. Every citizen should have only one classification, that of being an ‘Indian’, in the spirit of the constitution.

Last year, when the Bihar government decided to conduct a caste survey in the state, the BJP was also Nitish Kumar’s partner in the state government, and it supported it. Political expert and former professor of Tata Institute of Social Science, Pushpendra Kumar, says, “It is not that the BJP does not talk about caste. It tries to reveal the caste of the Prime Minister as well. For caste politics, the BJP also tried hard to raise the issue of Pasmanda Muslims.”

(The writer is a management professional based in Ahmedabad. Views personal.)

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