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By:

Correspondent

23 August 2024 at 4:29:04 pm

Fraying Frontier

The latest unrest in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) is a reminder that territorial control alone does not confer legitimacy. As clashes between protesters and security forces intensify in Rawalakot and other parts of the region, Pakistan finds itself confronting a crisis that has been years in the making. Across the Line of Control, meanwhile, India is celebrating the breakthrough of the strategic Zojila Tunnel, a project that promises all-weather connectivity between Kashmir and Ladakh....

Fraying Frontier

The latest unrest in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) is a reminder that territorial control alone does not confer legitimacy. As clashes between protesters and security forces intensify in Rawalakot and other parts of the region, Pakistan finds itself confronting a crisis that has been years in the making. Across the Line of Control, meanwhile, India is celebrating the breakthrough of the strategic Zojila Tunnel, a project that promises all-weather connectivity between Kashmir and Ladakh. Together, these developments tell a tale of two Kashmirs and of two very different approaches to governance. The immediate trigger for the latest violence was the gathering of supporters of the Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC) outside a hospital morgue in Rawalakot following the death of an activist. As security forces moved to disperse crowds, protesters and police traded accusations. Reports have emerged of several deaths and injuries, though the precise figures remain disputed. The episode comes amid heightened tensions after the PoK Supreme Court ruled that twelve legislative seats reserved for Kashmiri refugees living in Pakistan cannot be abolished without a constitutional amendment. To focus solely on the latest clashes would be to miss the deeper malaise. Public anger in PoK has been simmering for years. The JAAC has repeatedly mobilised large crowds over issues ranging from soaring electricity prices and economic distress to governance failures and demands for greater political rights. The very fact that a grassroots movement has been able to bring thousands onto the streets despite official pressure speaks to a broader crisis of confidence in the administrative structure governing the territory. For decades, Pakistan has sought to present itself internationally as the champion of Kashmiri aspirations. The recurring turmoil in PoK completely exposes the contradictions in that narrative. When protests have erupted, Islamabad’s instinct has often been coercion rather than accommodation. The unrest also comes at an awkward time for Pakistan. The country is grappling with economic fragility, political uncertainty and persistent security challenges stretching from Balochistan to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. PoK’s troubles add another layer to an already complex domestic landscape. They utterly undermine Islamabad’s efforts to portray itself as a credible advocate of self-determination while allegations of political repression emerge from territory under its own control. While PoK remains restive, India has increasingly emphasised connectivity, investment and infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir. The breakthrough of the Zojila Tunnel is emblematic of that approach. Once completed, the tunnel will provide year-round access to Ladakh, reduce strategic vulnerabilities and improve economic opportunities for residents. As Pakistan grapples with unrest and crackdowns, India has been attempting to knit together difficult terrain through concrete and steel. This sheer contrast lays bare the bankruptcy of Islamabad’s Kashmir policy. Its model breeds resentment while India’s model offers a pathway to stability and prosperity. The stark lesson is that legitimacy can never be earned through occupation and coercion, but through development and governance.

Dangerous Departures

Updated: Oct 30, 2024

Dangerous Departures

In yet another shocking incident adding to Mumbai’s infamous tryst with stampedes, chaos erupted at Mumbai’s Bandra Terminus following a weekend stampede that left at least ten persons injured, two critically so. A crowd surged toward the Gorakhpur-bound train with nearly 1,500 people vying for seats in 22 unreserved compartments, leading to the stampede. Several others narrowly avoided tragedy, with some even pushed onto the tracks. This is not a unique episode but rather a recurring theme in Mumbai’s bedevilled crowd management, one that has haunted the city’s public spaces, particularly as festive seasons magnify the crowds.


Mumbai is no stranger to stampedes. A horrifying incident in 2017 at Elphinstone Road Station left 23 people dead and nearly 50 injured. The cause was a familiar one: an overwhelming crowd confined to a narrow footbridge during peak rush hour. The tragedy sparked an outcry, with promises from authorities to upgrade infrastructure and enhance safety protocols. Yet seven years on, crowd-related incidents continue to be a constant danger. Today’s incident reveals a similar lapse—a lack of foresight in managing the thousands who gather on platforms ahead of Diwali, eager to return to family. That the Gorakhpur Express was unreserved and heavily crowded was predictable.


The issue lies beyond simply crowd density; it is emblematic of deeper systemic negligence. The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), responsible for local public safety, along with the Railways Ministry, bear responsibility for ensuring order at such high-risk hubs. Although the BMC acknowledged the “festive rush,” it appears little was done to pre-empt it. Swift action could have been taken to either disperse the crowd or reroute passengers. Instead, chaos prevailed.


Political reaction has been swift but uninspiring. Aaditya Thackeray, son of Uddhav Thackeray, launched a scathing attack on the Union Railways Minister, Ashwini Vaishnaw, branding the incident a result of the minister’s “incapable” leadership. This hardly addresses the immediate need: a substantive plan to manage crowds and prevent similar incidents.


Mumbai’s transport infrastructure remains sorely outdated. Platforms are undersized, signalling systems frequently falter, and crowd control mechanisms are grossly inadequate. Despite repeated accidents, there has been little investment in comprehensive crowd management systems or the deployment of personnel trained in emergency response. While railway footbridges were widened after the Elphinstone tragedy, Bandra’s incident demonstrates that such incremental changes are insufficient. Mumbai, which sees a swelling populace during festivals, demands a robust strategy to address its vulnerabilities. This should include technology-driven crowd monitoring, clear communication channels to inform passengers of platform conditions, and additional security and medical staff on high-demand days. It is essential that crowd management training for personnel becomes a priority rather than a reaction to tragedies.

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