The removal of Sai Baba idols from temples in Varanasi city has ignited a fresh wave of religious contention in India. Saffron groups and senior Hindu seers, led by the Sanatan Rakshak Dal (SRD) and the Brahmin Sabha, have successfully campaigned for the removal of Sai Baba idols from over ten temples in this revered Hindu pilgrimage city. They argue that Sai Baba’s worship deviates from traditional Hindu doctrine and that he should not be included in the pantheon of Hindu gods.
The SRD and Hindu leaders in Varanasi clarify they are not against Sai Baba but oppose his idols in temples due to his absence from ancient scriptures. While they present this as a matter of doctrinal purity, critics view it otherwise. But this is no simple doctrinal dispute. The controversy highlights a fundamental tension between religious orthodoxy and eclectic devotional practices that often flourish in India’s diverse spiritual landscape, between North Indian orthodoxy and Maharashtra’s syncretic traditions. Sai Baba’s home is not in North India but in Shirdi, Maharashtra, where he has been venerated for over a century. To the millions of his followers, Sai Baba is a saint and a divine incarnation. Yet in Varanasi, India’s religious heartland, he is an ‘outsider.’
The SRD’s argument, which echoes a broader orthodox Hindu belief, is that only traditional deities such as Shiva, Vishnu, Ganesha, and Shakti can be enshrined in temples. Sai Baba, who lived as a fakir, cannot be considered a Hindu god.
The historical ambiguity of Sai Baba’s identity is at the core of this debate. Sai Baba’s origins remain shrouded in mystery. Arriving in Shirdi as a young man, he became a spiritual guide whose teachings transcended religious divisions. Is Sai Baba Hindu or Muslim? He lived in a mosque, dressed as a Muslim, and spoke of Allah. Yet his message resonated with Hindus, and he permitted rituals from both religions, referring to Hindu deities as often as Islamic teachings.
For his devotees, these distinctions are irrelevant; he is simply God. But traditionalists insist that no mortal man, even one as venerated as Sai Baba, should be deified in Hindu temples. The SRD’s campaign has resonated among traditionalists in Varanasi, but in Maharashtra, the move has struck a nerve. Sai Baba is a central figure in the state’s spiritual life, his shrine in Shirdi attracting millions of pilgrims each year. The controversy has been rapidly politicized. Meanwhile, Uttar Pradesh’s Samajwadi Party has labeled the removal of Sai Baba idols a BJP ‘stunt’ aimed at creating division for political advantage. The BJP’s emphasis on Hindutva may alienate voters in Maharashtra, where Sai Baba is widely revered.
Critics see the removal of Sai Baba’s statues as a push towards religious exclusivity in a country celebrated for its diverse beliefs. The uproar raises questions on what it means to be Hindu in modern India and whether saints like Sai Baba, who defy categorization, still have a place - an answer that seems to vary by region.
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