South Asia teeters on the edge of another potential conflict, as the threat of war between nuclear-armed neighbors, Pakistan and India, looms. In a recent UN speech, Pakistan’s PM Shehbaz Sharif addressed terrorism, climate change, and conflicts in Palestine and Kashmir. While his words resonated, many question if this is a genuine concern or a distraction from domestic issues.
Sharif’s speech highlighted global conflicts, terrorism threats, and the devastating impacts of climate change. He warned of a ‘new Cold War,’ referencing U.S.-China tensions and Pakistan-India hostilities. These long-time adversaries have shaped South Asia’s political and security dynamics.
The Prime Minister made an emotional plea over Gaza, calling for action. He stressed the need for an immediate two-state solution based on pre-1967 borders, with full United Nations membership for Palestine. Without such a resolution, Sharif warned, the Middle East could be dragged into a war with consequences far beyond anyone’s imagination.
Sharif’s pivot from Palestine to Kashmir while drawing a direct comparison between the Palestinian struggle and the ongoing conflict in Jammu & Kashmir. Sharif described the plight of the Kashmiri people as a parallel tragedy, and their century-long struggle for self-determination, casting India as the aggressor in the region.
Since India revoked Jammu & Kashmir’s special status in August 2019, tensions have escalated. Sharif accused the Indian government of taking “unilateral illegal steps” in the region and implementing a “Final Solution” for Kashmir, invoking chilling echoes of the Holocaust. He went on to detail the presence of 900,000 Indian troops in the region, accusing them of terrorising the population with curfews, extrajudicial killings, and mass abductions of young Kashmiris.
His warning was clear: Pakistan would respond if provoked by India. “Pakistan will respond most decisively to any Indian aggression,” he stated, signalling that his government views the situation as a ticking time bomb. However, as he spoke of defending Kashmiri’s rights and resisting Indian aggression, many observers questioned the timing and the intensity of his rhetoric. With Pakistan grappling with severe domestic challenges, was this speech a way to rally nationalist sentiment and distract from his government’s failures?
To understand the implications of Sharif’s address, one must consider the situation in Pakistan. The country faces an economic crisis with record-high inflation, soaring unemployment, and mounting debt. The floods two years ago worsened matters, causing over $30 billion in damages and displacing millions. Though Pakistan contributes less than 1% to global emissions, it has suffered disproportionately from climate change. Sharif underscored this imbalance, stating, “We must uphold the axiom: the polluter pays!”
Sharif’s government is also facing mounting political pressure from opposition parties, particularly Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), who have been vocal in their criticism of the government’s handling of the economy and its failure to address the needs of ordinary citizens. Protests have erupted, with demonstrators calling for better governance and accountability. In this context, Sharif’s strong rhetoric on Kashmir and India could be a strategic effort to shift focus from domestic crises. By portraying India as the aggressor, Sharif may be rallying for national unity and undermining his political opponents.
Sharif’s speech, while politically useful at home, poses serious risks. South Asia is a conflict hotspot, and a war between nuclear-armed Pakistan and India would be catastrophic. Even a limited conflict could escalate dangerously. Under Prime Minister Modi, India treats Kashmir as a domestic issue while continuing to modernise its military, likely to counter Pakistan.
This arms race is escalating between the two countries, and the dangers are clear. A single spark could ignite a conflict neither side truly wants but may feel compelled to fight. The international community has remained on the sidelines, unwilling or unable to mediate. Strategic alliances—Pakistan with China and India with the United States—further complicate the situation. Any conflict between the two would destabilise South Asia and risk drawing in these external powers, with unpredictable and far-reaching consequences.
Sharif’s speech raises an important question: is this political theatre, or is it a warning of impending conflict? It is likely somewhere in the middle. While Sharif’s government faces domestic pressure, his concerns about Kashmir and India’s military expansion are valid. The situation in South Asia remains fragile, with the risks of escalation and a catastrophic conflict ever-present.
The international community must act swiftly to de-escalate tensions between Pakistan and India, as the stakes are too high to ignore. Both nations have much to lose in another conflict, but neither seems prepared to back down. Amid global challenges like climate change and rising geopolitical tensions, nuclear-armed confrontation in South Asia is the last thing the world needs.
While Sharif’s speech may serve political aims, tensions between Islamabad and New Delhi are real, the risk of conflict remains, and global intervention is crucial.
(The writer is a senior journalist based in Islamabad. Views personal.)
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