From the poppy fields of Afghanistan to the laboratories of Anand, the narcotics trade thrives amidst South Asia’s economic inequalities and geopolitical tensions.
The Gujarat Anti-Terrorist Squad’s (ATS) uncovering of an illegal drug manufacturing operation in Anand district, seizing 107 kilograms of alprazolam valued at Rs 107 crore and arresting six individuals, was another notch in Gujarat’s escalating war against narcotics. The discovery raises unsettling questions about the state’s role as a burgeoning hotspot for drug trafficking and manufacturing.
Alprazolam, a Schedule IV controlled substance under international conventions, is strictly regulated by Indian law under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act. The Gujarat ATS found not only an unlicensed production hub but also a sophisticated operation involving a dedicated team of chemists, logistical managers and a receiver tasked with distribution.
The raid comes against the backdrop of Gujarat’s increasing prominence in India’s narcotics narrative. The state, traditionally viewed as a model of economic development, has recently seen significant drug seizures, including the interception of 518 kilograms of cocaine worth Rs. 5,000 crore in Ankleshwar. Over the last four years, Gujarat Police claim to have seized drugs worth Rs. 9,600 crore—a staggering figure that reflects the state’s shifting identity from an industrial powerhouse to a critical node in South Asia’s drug trade.
Gujarat’s geography makes it uniquely vulnerable. Its 1,600-kilometer coastline, dotted with obscure ports and isolated beaches, provides traffickers with numerous entry points into India. For centuries, the Arabian Sea facilitated trade between Gujarat and West Asia, creating well-established shipping routes. In modern times, these routes have become a lifeline for smugglers moving contraband from the Golden Crescent (a region comprising Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran), which produces more than 80 percent of the world’s opium.
The ATS’s recent success in dismantling this manufacturing hub is part of a broader campaign targeting drug syndicates with international ties. These networks are often intertwined with organized crime and geopolitical manoeuvring. Last year, in a dramatic operation off the Gujarat coast, the ATS and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) intercepted a Pakistani vessel carrying 86 kilograms of heroin worth Rs. 602 crore. The suspects, in a brazen act of defiance, attempted to ram their boat into the authorities before being apprehended.
These developments bring the name of Haji Salim into sharp focus. A drug lord based in Pakistan’s Balochistan province, Salim has emerged as one of the world’s most elusive traffickers. His shipments, often marked with cryptic symbols, move seamlessly from Iranian shores to obscure Indian ports under the cover of night.
Salim’s connections run deep, reportedly extending to the ISI and underworld figures like Dawood Ibrahim. Despite multiple seizures linked to his network, including the recent haul off Gujarat’s coast, Salim remains at large. His ability to operate with impunity underscores the systemic challenges in combating transnational drug trafficking.
Closer to home, Gujarat’s drug problem has profound socio-political implications. For a state known for its strict prohibition laws, the rise in drug seizures has exposed vulnerabilities in law enforcement and border management.
The recent arrests have also laid bare the economic desperation that drives individuals into the drug trade. With unemployment rife in rural pockets, the promise of quick money often lures young men into these criminal enterprises. As evidenced by the case of a welder arrested for spying on India’s Coast Guard, these networks exploit economic precarity to recruit individuals willing to betray their country for as little as Rs. 200 a day.
Without addressing the structural issues of corruption, inadequate surveillance and the economic drivers of crime, Gujarat risks becoming a permanent fixture on the global narcotics map.
Addressing this scourge will require not just law enforcement but a comprehensive approach that tackles its root causes. Until then, the pill mills of Gujarat will remain a dark stain on the state’s otherwise proud legacy.
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